API Std 674 Positive Displacement Pumps - Reciprocating

Covers the minimum requirements for reciprocating positive displacement pumps for use in petroleum, chemical, and gas industry services. Both direct-acting and power-frame types are included.

Pump Standard API 676

the minimum requirements for rotary positive displacement pumps for use in the petroleum, chemical, and gas industries. It provides a purchase specification to facilitate the manufacture and purchase of rotary positive displacement pumps.

Centrifugal Pump Affinity Laws

The Affinity Laws of centrifugal pumps or fans indicates the influence on volume capacity, head (pressure) and/or power consumption of a pump or fan due to
change in speed of wheel - revolutions per minute (rpm)
geometrically similarity - change in impeller diameter

Note that the affinity laws for fans are not identical with pumps.
Pump Affinity Laws
Volume Capacity

The volume capacity of a centrifugal pump can be expressed like

q1 / q2 = (n1 / n2)(d1 / d2) (1)

where

q = volume flow capacity (m3/s, gpm, cfm, ..)

n = wheel velocity - revolution per minute - (rpm)

d = wheel diameter
Head or Pressure

The head or pressure of a centrifugal pump can be expressed like

dp1 / dp2 = (n1 / n2)2 (d1 / d2)2 (2)

where

dp = head or pressure (m, ft, Pa, psi, ..)
Power

The power consumption of a centrifugal pump can be expressed as

P1 / P2 = (n1 / n2)3 (d1 / d2)3 (3)

where

P = power (W, bhp, ..)

Pump for filter press

What kind of pump should be use for feeding filter press?

Pump in Power Plant

- Unloading fuel oil pump
- Unloading oil pump
- Transfer pump
- Forwarding pump
- Booster pump
- Lubricating oil pump
- Injection fuel pump
- Lubricating oil control pump
- Cooling tower pump
- Condensate pump
- Boiler feed pump

API 610 pump designation

1. OH1
Foot mounted single stage overhung pumps

2. OH2
Centerline mounted single stage overhung pump

3. OH3
Vertical inline single stage overhung pumps with separated bearing brackets

4. OH4
Rigidly-coupled vertical inline single stage overhung pumps

5. OH5
Close coupled vertical inline single stage overhung pumps

6. OH6
High speed integral gear driven single stage overhung pumps

7. BB1
Axially split one and two stage betwen bearings pumps

8. BB2
Radially split one and two stage betwen bearings pumps

9. BB3
Axially split multistage betwen bearings pump

10. BB4
Single casing radially split multistage betwen bearing pumps

11. BB5
Double casing radially split multistage betwen bearings pumps

12.VS1
Wet pit, vertically suspended , single casing diffuser pumps with discharge through the column

13. VS2
Wet pit, vertically suspended , single casing volute pumps with discharge through the column

14. VS3
Wet pit, vertically suspended , single casing axial flow pumps with discharge through the column

15. VS4
Vertically suspended, single casing volute line shaft driven sump pump

16. VS5
Vertically suspended, cantilever sump pumps

17. VS6
Double casing diffuser vertically suspended pumps

18. VS7
Double casing volute vertically suspended pumps

API 610 Standard

Centrifugal pumps for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries

Mechanical seal

A mechanical seal is a device which helps join systems or mechanisms together by preventing leakage, containing pressure, or excluding contamination

IP (Ingress Protection) Codes

IEC 60529 outlines an international classification system for the sealing effectiveness of enclosures of electrical equipment against the intrusion into the equipment of foreign bodies (i.e., tools, dust, fingers) and moisture. This classification system utilizes the letters "IP" ("Ingress Protection") followed by two digits. (An "X" is used for one of the digits if there is only one class of protection; i.e., IP X4 which addresses moisture resistance only

ATEX directive

The ATEX directive is two EU directives describing what equipment and work environment is allowed in an environment with an explosive atmosphere.

NFPA 20

Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection

Fire Pump Unit. An assembled unit consisting of a fire
pump, driver, controller, and accessories.

Screw pump

Screw pumps are a special type of rotary positive displacement pump in which the flow
through the pumping elements is truly axial. The liquid is carried between screw threads on one or more rotors and is displaced axially as the screws rotate and mesh

Centrifugal Pump

A centrifugal pump is a rotating machine in which flow and pressure are generated
dynamically. The inlet is not walled off from the outlet as is the case with positive displacement pumps, whether they are reciprocating or rotary in configuration. Rather, a centrifugal pump delivers useful energy to the fluid or “pumpage” largely through velocity changes that occur as this fluid flows through the impeller and the associated fixed passageways of the pump; that is, it is a “rotodynamic” pump

Pump classification

1. Dynamic
1.1 Centrifugal
1.1.1 Axial flow
1.1.1.1 Single stage
1.1.1.1.1 Close impeller
1.1.1.1.2 Open impeller

1.1.1.2 Multi stage
1.1.1.2.1 Close impeller
1.1.1.2.2 Open impeller

1.1.2 Mixed flow / Radial Flow
1.1.2.1 Single suction
1.1.2.2 Double suction

1.2 Special Effect
1.2.1 Jet (eductor)
1.2.2 Gas lift
1.2.3 Hydraulic ram
1.2.4 Electromagnetic

2. Displacement
2.1 Reciprocating
2.1.1 Piston, plunger
2.1.1.1 Steam - double acting
2.1.1.2 Power
2.1.1.2.1 Single acting
2.1.1.2.2 Double acting
2.1.2 Diaphragm
2.1.2.1 Simplex
2.1.2.1 Duplex
2.2 Rotary
2.2.1 Single rotor
2.2.1.1 Vane
2.2.1.2 Piston
2.2.1.3 Flexible member
2.2.1.4 Screw
2.2.1.5 Pristaltic

2.2.2 Multiple rotor
2.2.2.1 Gear
2.2.2.2 Lobe
2.2.2.3 Circumferential Piston
2.2.2.4 Screw